Böhler K110




Basic parameters:
- Thickness tolerance: 0/+0,2 mm (the surface is not precision ground)
- Cutting tolerance: we cut the steel on band saws to a tolerance of 0/+3 mm (width x length)
- Delivery conditon:Â steel in non-hardened condition (steel requires hardening)
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OUR STEEL IS FOR YOU, IF:
| You value precisely cut material We cut steel using band saws, ensuring straight edges. We do not use guillotine shears, which can warp sheets and round their edges. |
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| Minor scratches or residue are not an issue for you Sometimes, a single steel sheet passes through the saw multiple times, which may cause slight surface scratches. Occasionally, delicate spot traces of surface corrosion (thin residue) may appear on the steel due to coolant remnants from the cutting process. Both scratches and residue can be easily removed during grinding. If you require steel with a perfectly clean surface, our product will not meet your expectations. |
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| You can straighten minor surface deviations yourself We strive to deliver perfectly flat steel pieces, but we cannot guarantee 100% flatness. Any slight surface curvature is not a material defect but rather a result of mill tolerances (flatness tolerances for rolled products). An experienced knifemaker can handle such a curvature in no time. |
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| You want to buy steel from trusted supplier We source our steel from the largest manufacturers in Europe and beyond. Each delivery is precisely marked with an industrial hand jet printer to prevent errors during cutting and storage. |
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| You don't like overpaying Our mission is to provide you with a piece of steel that is as close as possible to the shape of the knife you want to make. With us, you don't have to buy a large piece of steel and make unnecessary supplies or throw unnecessary surpluses in the trash. |
Example photo of a steel sheet:

K110 – High Hardness and Wear Resistance in Knifemaking
Böhler K110 steel is a tool steel known for its exceptional wear resistance and durability. Widely used in knifemaking, it is the European equivalent of the American D2 steel and is highly regarded by knifemakers worldwide. This article explores the chemical composition of K110 steel, its heat treatment process, hardness after quenching, comparisons with other knife steels, and examines the types of knives where it performs best.
Chemical Composition of K110 Steel – What Makes It Stand Out?
| Â Element |
Composition |
| Â Carbon (C) | 1,55% |
| Â Manganese (Mn) |
0,30% |
| Â Silicon (Si) | 0,30% |
| Â Chromium (Cr) | 11,3% |
| Â Molybdenum (Mo) | 0,75% |
| Â Vanadium (V) | 0,75% |
K110 is a high-carbon, high-chromium tool steel that delivers strength and wear resistance. Its chemical composition plays a critical role in achieving optimal performance in knives.
- Carbon (C): 1.55% – Enhances hardness and hardenability.
- Chromium (Cr): 11.3% – High chromium content improves corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
- Molybdenum (Mo): 0.75% – Boosts hardenability and wear resistance.
- Vanadium (V): 0.75% – Improves toughness and cutting edge stability.
This combination of elements sets K110 apart from other tool steels, offering properties that make it ideal for crafting utility and outdoor knives.
Heat Treatment of K110 Steel – The Key to Its Exceptional Properties
The heat treatment process for K110 steel requires precision. To unlock its full potential, the steel undergoes several steps, including austenitizing, quenching, and tempering.
Austenitizing – Preparing the Structure
The first step is austenitizing, where K110 steel is heated to 1030–1070 °C / 1886–1958 °F. This ensures uniform carbon distribution, which enhances the homogeneity of the steel's structure.
Quenching – Enhancing Hardness and Wear Resistance
After austenitizing, the steel is rapidly cooled during quenching. K110 can be quenched in air, oil or salt bath.
Tempering – Reducing Stress
To improve the toughness of K110 steel and reduce the risk of chipping, the steel must be tempered. This process reinforces the steel’s structure, preparing it for long-term use in various conditions.
Tempering can be performed at lower temperatures of 150-300°C / 302-572°F for about two hours, although Böhler recommends tempering at significantly higher temperatures in the range of 520-560°C / 968-1040°F.
Heat Treatment Process for Böhler K110 steel:
| Process Stage | Temperature (°C / °F) | Duration | Cooling Method / Notes |
| Soft Annealing | 800–850 °C / 1472–1562 °F | – | Slow furnace cooling at 10–20 °C/h / 50–68 °F down to ~600 °C / 1112 °F, then air |
| Stress Relieving | 650–700 °C / 1202–1292 °F | 1–2 hours | After heavy machining, slow furnace cooling recommended |
| Preheating I | 450 °C / 842 °F | – | – |
| Preheating II | 850 °C / 1562 °F | – | – |
| Austenitizing (Hardening) | 1030–1070 °C / 1886–1958 °F | 15–30 minutes after equalization | Oil, air, salt bath (220–250 °C / 428–482 °F or 500–550 °C / 932–1022 °F), or gas |
| Tempering (×3) | see table below | ≥2 hours per cycle | Minimum 3 cycles, air cool between cycles |
Tempering after hardening at 1070 °C / 1958 °F – Temperature vs. Final Hardness (after 3× tempering)
| Tempering Temperature (°C / °F) | Expected Hardness (HRC) |
| 200 °C / 392 °F | 59 HRC |
| 250 °C / 482 °F | 58 HRC |
| 300 °C / 572 °F | 58 HRC |
| 400 °C / 752 °F | 58 HRC |
| 450 °C / 932 °F | 58 HRC |
| 520 °C / 968 °F | Secondary hardness peak – 62 HRC |
| 550 °C / 1022 °F | 59 HRC |
| 600 °C / 1112 °F | 51 HRC |
Technical notes:
- Austenitizing is performed in the range of 1030–1070 °C / 1886–1958 °F, depending on the required hardness and cross-section thickness.
- Soaking time should be 15–30 minutes after full temperature equalization throughout the part.
- Cooling methods vary with geometry: thin blades can be quenched in air or gas, while thicker parts may require oil or salt bath quenching (220–250 °C / 428–482 °F or 500–550 °C / 932–1022 °F).
- Triple tempering is essential – each cycle lasting at least 2 hours, or 1 hour per 20 mm of cross-sectional thickness.
- Secondary hardness peak occurs around 520 °C / 968 °F – this can be utilized in specialized applications such as nitriding.
- For nitriding setups, two tempering cycles are recommended: first at ~520 °C / 968 °F, the second 30–50 °C / 86–122 °F lower, followed by salt bath nitriding and an optional final stress-relief cycle (~300 °C / 572 °F).
- Soft annealing and stress relieving are strongly recommended after heavy machining, cold working, or cutting to reduce the risk of distortion during hardening.
Comparison of K110 Steel with Other Steels in Knifemaking
K110 is often compared with other tool and knife steels, such as N690 and Elmax. Here's how it fares against these popular materials.
K110 vs. N690
N690 offers better corrosion resistance than K110, which is crucial for knives used in humid environments. However, K110 surpasses N690 in wear resistance, making it ideal for tools subjected to heavy-duty use.
K110 vs. Elmax
Elmax steel provides excellent corrosion resistance and higher toughness than K110. However, K110 is a more cost-effective choice and offers higher hardness, making it suitable for outdoor and survival knives.
Applications of K110 Steel in Knives
Due to its properties, K110 steel is well-suited for various types of knives. Here are the knives where it performs best:
Hunting Knives
K110 is ideal for hunting knives that require long-lasting sharpness and durability. Its wear resistance makes it suitable for heavy-duty use during hunting trips. However, proper maintenance of the knife must be remembered, as K110 steel is not stainless steel.
Outdoor and Survival Knives
Thanks to its high hardness and wear resistance, K110 excels in outdoor and survival knives exposed to harsh conditions. These knives can handle tasks such as cutting wood or preparing shelters.
Utility Knives
K110 is also popular for utility knives that must be reliable and durable. Its properties make it suitable for everyday use and tasks requiring precision and strength.
How to Maintain Knives Made of K110 Steel?
Although K110 offers better corrosion resistance than many other tool steels, proper maintenance is essential:
- Cleaning – After each use, clean and dry the knife thoroughly to minimize corrosion risk.
- Oiling – Regular application of protective oil helps maintain the blade’s condition.
- Sharpening – Use diamond or ceramic stones to sharpen K110, ensuring a perfect edge.
Conclusion – Why Choose K110 Steel?
K110 steel is an exceptional material for knifemakers and knife users who value durability, hardness, and wear resistance. Its structure and properties make it ideal for hunting, outdoor, and utility knives, offering long blade life and high quality.

K110 steel is classified as semi-stainless, meaning it has some corrosion resistance due to its high chromium content. However, it is not fully rust-proof and requires regular maintenance.
When properly heat-treated, K110 steel can achieve a hardness of 58-62 HRC, ensuring excellent durability and the ability to maintain a sharp cutting edge.
K110 steel is ideal for hunting, outdoor, and utility knives. Its wear resistance makes it perfect for tools that require high durability and sharpness.
Due to its high hardness, K110 requires precise sharpening techniques. Diamond or ceramic stones are recommended to achieve and maintain the desired sharpness efficiently.
The key difference lies in corrosion resistance—N690 is more rust-resistant, making it a better choice for humid conditions. On the other hand, K110 offers superior wear resistance and higher hardness, making it ideal for heavy-duty applications.