Böhler M390 Microclean




Basic parameters:
- Thickness tolerance: 0/+0,3 mm (the surface is not precision ground)
- Cutting tolerance: we cut the steel on band saws to a tolerance of 0/+3 mm (width x length)
- Delivery conditon: steel in non-hardened condition (steel requires hardening)
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| 1,146.23 zł | 23 % | 1,409.86 zł | 18 | ||||||
| 1,422.90 zł | 23 % | 1,750.17 zł | 14 |
OUR STEEL IS FOR YOU, IF:
| You value precisely cut material We cut steel using band saws, ensuring straight edges. We do not use guillotine shears, which can warp sheets and round their edges. |
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| Minor scratches or residue are not an issue for you Sometimes, a single steel sheet passes through the saw multiple times, which may cause slight surface scratches. Occasionally, delicate spot traces of surface corrosion (thin residue) may appear on the steel due to coolant remnants from the cutting process. Both scratches and residue can be easily removed during grinding. If you require steel with a perfectly clean surface, our product will not meet your expectations. |
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| You can straighten minor surface deviations yourself We strive to deliver perfectly flat steel pieces, but we cannot guarantee 100% flatness. Any slight surface curvature is not a material defect but rather a result of mill tolerances (flatness tolerances for rolled products). An experienced knifemaker can handle such a curvature in no time. |
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| You want to buy steel from trusted supplier We source our steel from the largest manufacturers in Europe and beyond. Each delivery is precisely marked with an industrial hand jet printer to prevent errors during cutting and storage. |
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| You don't like overpaying Our mission is to provide you with a piece of steel that is as close as possible to the shape of the knife you want to make. With us, you don't have to buy a large piece of steel and make unnecessary supplies or throw unnecessary surpluses in the trash. |
Example photo of a steel sheet:

M390 Steel – The Perfect Choice for Premium Knives
M390 steel from Bohler-Uddeholm is one of the most popular premium stainless steels used by knifemakers around the world. It is known for its excellent corrosion resistance, impressive hardness, and incredible edge retention, making it an ideal material for producing high-quality knives. In this article, we will take a detailed look at heat treatment, chemical composition, hardness, and compare M390 steel with other steels used in knifemaking.
Chemical Composition of M390 Steel – What Makes It Exceptional?
| Element |
Composition |
| Carbon (C) | 1,90% |
| Manganese (Mn) |
0,30% |
| Silicon (Si) | 0,70% |
| Chromium (Cr) | 20,00% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 1,00% |
| Vanadium (V) | 4,00% |
| Tungsten (W) | 0,60% |
M390 steel is a high-chromium tool steel that provides excellent anti-corrosive properties. Its chemical composition includes:
- Carbon (C): 1.9% – Increases hardness and hardenability of the steel.
- Chromium (Cr): 20% – Significantly improves corrosion and wear resistance.
- Molybdenum (Mo): 1% – Enhances hardenability and wear resistance.
- Vanadium (V): 4% – Improves toughness and edge stability.
- Tungsten (W): 0.6% – Increases wear resistance and helps in forming hard carbides.
- Silicon (Si) and Manganese (Mn) – Strengthen the steel structure and improve hardenability.
M390 steel utilizes powder metallurgy (PM) technology, which allows for a very homogeneous microstructure. This results in well-balanced mechanical properties, and the cutting edge retains its sharpness for a long time.
Heat Treatment of M390 Steel
Heat treatment difficulty shown at the top of this page reflects the most common choice in our survey of Polish knifemakers, prepared with input from an experienced heat treater. Please treat it as community guidance, not a specification.
“EASY-TO-HARDEN” denotes a more forgiving steel — one that delivers predictable, useful results even with minor deviations in process parameters.
“DIFFICULT-TO-HARDEN” calls for tight process control; small mistakes can quickly degrade the final outcome.
A FEW WORDS ON HEAT TREATMENT
Heat treatment is as much craft as it is science. Results depend on many variables: steel grade, blade thickness, furnace and atmosphere, soak temperature and time, quench medium and its temperature, and the tempering schedule.
At IK STAL we value transparency and reliable sources. Rather than promising one-size-fits-all recipes, we share manufacturers’ baseline data so you can adapt it to your own workshop. However, the data provided by manufacturers is not always detailed enough to constitute a complete “recipe” for heat-treating a thin knife. For specific settings, we encourage you to consult an experienced heat treater.
Hardening of M390 Steel
Austenitizing
The austenitizing process for M390 steel involves heating to 1100–1180°C (2010-2155°F) and holding at the set temperature for a specified time, counting from the moment the steel reaches a uniform temperature.
Practical austenitizing guidelines:
- The thicker the blade, the longer it should stay in the furnace.
- Keeping the steel in the furnace too long can lead to grain growth; too short a time leads to incomplete austenitizing (incomplete microstructural transformation). Put simply: at the correct temperature, leaving the steel in the furnace a little longer usually does less harm than taking it out too early. The biggest mistake is using an incorrect austenitizing temperature.
Holding time after through-heating:
- 20-30 minutes - for hardening at lower temperatures 1100–1150°C (2010–2100°F);
- 5-10 minutes - for hardening at the higher temperature 1180°C (2155°F).
The times given by the manufacturer refer to industrial components; the times for thin parts are not specified.
Quenching
After austenitizing, M390 steel is rapidly cooled. Quenching media: oil or N₂.
The material should be cooled to approximately 30°C (86°F).
Sub-zero Treatment (Optional)
After hardening, the steel can be deep frozen at −80°C (−112°F) for 2 hours. This process increases hardness by approximately +2/+3 HRC and stabilises the steel structure.
Sub-zero treatment should be performed after hardening and before tempering. In practice, this process is an extension of hardening to a lower temperature, so any delay between hardening and sub-zero treatment may reduce its effect.
Sub-zero treatment is especially recommended if the steel will be tempered at high temperatures to achieve high wear resistance. Caution: with high austenitizing temperatures ≥ 1150°C (2100°F) there is a risk of stress cracking.
Tempering of M390 Steel
Tempering is the controlled reheating of a hardened blade to a chosen temperature and holding it for a set time to reduce brittleness and stresses from hardening and increase the knife’s impact toughness.
The manufacturer recommends tempering M390 steel at different temperature ranges depending on the intended goal:
- For highest corrosion resistance — temper at 200–300°C (392–572°F), regardless of whether subzero treatment was performed beforehand. Temper once for 1 hour per 20 mm of material thickness, but at least 2 hours.
- For highest wear resistance — if subzero treatment was performed, temper at 510–530°C (950–986°F); without prior subzero treatment, temper at 540–560°C (1004–1040°F). Temper three times for 1 hour per 20 mm of material thickness, but at least 2 hours.
Regardless of the temperature used, the manufacturer recommends slow heating and cooling the material to approx. 30°C (86°F) after each tempering step.
M390 Steel Tempering Chart
Below are the tempering curves for M390 steel for the following heat-treatment conditions:
- Austenitizing at 1150°C (2100°F) / 30 min. / 5 bar; without subzero treatment; tempering 2x2 h.
- Austenitizing at 1150°C (2100°F) / 30 min. / 5 bar; subzero treatment for 2 h at −70°C (−94°F); tempering 2x2 h.
In both cases, the hardened part had dimensions of Ø20,5×15 mm.
TU WKLEIĆ WKRES
Comparison of M390 Steel with Other Knifemaking Steels
M390 Steel vs. S30V Steel
S30V is a popular knife steel, but M390 surpasses it in terms of corrosion resistance and edge retention. S30V has slightly higher toughness, but M390 is more versatile for outdoor applications where high hardness is a priority.
M390 Steel vs. Elmax Steel
Elmax is a tool steel made using powder metallurgy, very similar to M390. Both steels offer excellent corrosion and wear resistance, but M390 has slightly better edge retention. On the other hand, Elmax may be more resistant to chipping under high mechanical stress.
M390 Steel vs. D2 Steel
D2 is a popular tool steel known for its high wear resistance, but it does not offer as much corrosion protection as M390. In practice, D2 is preferred for knives intended for dry environments, while M390 performs better in humid and demanding conditions.
Applications of M390 Steel in Knifemaking – Ideal for Different Types of Knives
Hunting Knives
M390 steel works exceptionally well in hunting knives. Its high hardness and long-lasting edge retention allow for effective skinning and meat cutting. Additionally, its corrosion resistance ensures that knives made from this steel do not rust, even in wet environments.
Tactical Knives
Tactical knives made from M390 steel are highly valued for their reliability. Long-lasting edge retention and high corrosion resistance make this steel an excellent choice for knives used in harsh operational conditions.
Outdoor and Survival Knives
M390 steel is often chosen for outdoor and survival knives, where long-lasting edge retention and reliability are essential. Its high hardness and wear resistance mean that the knife can be used intensively without frequent sharpening.
Kitchen Knives
Although M390 steel is less common in kitchen knives due to high production costs, some luxury kitchen knife models use this steel. Its excellent edge retention makes it perfect for precise kitchen tasks, such as meat cutting or fish filleting.
How to Care for a Knife Made of M390 Steel?
Despite M390 steel's excellent corrosion resistance, it still requires some care to serve well for many years:
- Cleaning – After each use, it is recommended to thoroughly clean and dry the knife.
- Oiling – Although M390 steel is stainless, regular oiling with a protective layer helps maintain the perfect appearance of the tool.
- Sharpening – It is best to use diamond or ceramic stones to maintain a sharp edge.
Summary – Why Choose M390 Steel?
M390 steel is a premium material that combines excellent corrosion resistance, hardness, and edge retention. It is ideal for hunting, tactical, outdoor, and even kitchen knives, offering long-lasting performance and reliability. If you are looking for steel that will provide you with the highest quality and performance, M390 steel is an excellent choice.
By choosing M390 steel, you can be sure that your knife will be a reliable tool that performs in any situation, from the kitchen to extreme outdoor conditions.

M390 steel stands out for its excellent corrosion resistance, hardness, and ability to maintain edge retention longer than most other knife steels.
M390 steel achieves a hardness in the range of 60–64 HRC after hardening, which ensures high strength and edge durability.
M390 steel is ideal for hunting, tactical, outdoor, and luxury kitchen knives due to its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
M390 steel can be more challenging to sharpen than other steels due to its high hardness, but proper tools, such as diamond stones, make the process much easier.
A knife made from M390 steel should be regularly cleaned, dried, and oiled to maintain its excellent condition for many years, despite being highly corrosion-resistant.
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